Before the hearing
- After you request the hearing, the hearing office sends an acknowledgment and a notice about the ways to attend.
- You receive the Notice of Hearing at least 75 days before the date, with the time, place or format and the issues the judge will decide.
- Review your electronic file and send any missing medical records at least 5 business days before the hearing. Late evidence may be refused unless there is a valid reason.
- Ask the office in writing if you need an interpreter or an accommodation.
Who is there
- The administrative law judge.
- You and your representative, if you have one.
- Often a vocational expert, who testifies about jobs; sometimes a medical expert.
- A hearing reporter who records the hearing. Witnesses you bring may testify.
What the judge asks
The judge usually asks about your education, past work, medical conditions, treatment, medications and daily activities, and how your symptoms limit sitting, standing, lifting, concentration or attendance. Your representative can question you and the experts. Answer honestly and specifically; give examples from a normal week.
In person, video or phone
| Format | How it works |
|---|---|
| In person | At the hearing office or another SSA site. |
| Agency video | You go to an SSA location with video equipment; the judge may be elsewhere. |
| Online video | From your own device through Microsoft Teams. You must agree with form HA-56. |
| Phone | Audio-only hearing by telephone. |
After the hearing
The judge issues a written decision, usually weeks to months later. The processing times SSA publishes for each hearing office run to the decision date. If the decision is unfavorable, you have 60 days to ask the Appeals Council for review.
Frequently asked questions
How long does a disability hearing last?
SSA does not set a fixed length; it depends on the case and the witnesses.
Can I bring witnesses?
Yes. Family members, friends or former coworkers can testify about how your condition affects you.
What if I miss my hearing?
If neither you nor your representative appears and the judge does not find good cause, the request can be dismissed. The judge usually mails a notice asking why you did not appear, and you have 10 days to give a good reason. Contact the hearing office right away.
What is the approval rate at hearings?
Judges approved 58% of decided cases in FY 2026. See ALJ approval rates.